Last
Updated: June 1, 2002
The first Soviet Luna probes were known to their builders as "Object
E" (pronounced 'ye') for they were the sixth payload for the R-7
family of ICBM and launchers (E is the sixth letter of the Russian
alphabet).
Object A, B, V, G were different re-entry vehicles for a nuclear
warhead, Object D was an heavy scientific satellite, launched as
Sputnik-3.
Traditionally, all Luna probes were then called Object-E, including the
heavy probes launched by the 8K82K Proton.
The following is a listing of all Object E versions, including many
unflown probes. As far as I know, this listing is complete, with the
possible exception of the E-8 family.
Click on thumbnails for a larger version of the images. Some link may
be to the outside. Copyright information is at the bottom of the page.
| Name | Image | Characteristics | Launcher | Flown as |
| E-1 | N/A | Lunar impactor, 170 kg mass | 8K72 | Luna-1 + 3 failures |
| E-1A |
Copyright #2 |
Lunar impactor, slightly modified E-1 | 8K72 | Luna-2 + 1 failure |
| E-2 | N/A | Photography of the far side. Yenissey-1 camera | 8K73 | Canceled August 1958 |
| E-2A |
![]() |
Photography of the far side. Yenissey-2 camera | 8K72 | Luna-3 |
| E-2F | N/A | Photography of the far side | 8K73? | Canceled |
| E-3 | N/A | 1. Photography of the far side 2. Improved E-2A |
1. 8K73 2. 8K72 |
1. Canceled 2. 2 failures |
| E-4 |
![]() |
Lunar impacting nuclear bomb | 8K73 | Canceled |
| E-5 | N/A | Lunar satellite using E-1A technology. Developed in competition with NASA Atlas Able probes |
8K72 | Canceled end 1959 |
| E-6 |
Copyright #2 |
Lunar soft landing. Cruise stage (at right) + 100 kg minilander |
8K78 8K78M |
11 failures including Luna-4 to Luna-8 |
| E-6A | N/A | E-6 with 150 kg minilander | 8K78 | Canceled |
| E-6LF |
Copyright #1 |
Lunar satellite for imaging manned lunar landing sites | 8K78M | Luna-11 Luna-12 |
| E-6LS | N/A | E-6LF modified for manned lunar landing support | 8K78M | Kosmos-159 Luna-14 |
| E-6M |
![]() |
Slightly modified E-6 with 100 kg lander (Luna-13 with instrument booms at right) |
8K78M | Luna-9 Luna-13 |
| E-6S |
Copyright #3 |
Simple lunar satellite. Modified E-6M cruise stage + Kosmos satellite | 8K78M | Luna-10 + 1 failure |
| E-7 | N/A | Lunar satellite | 8K78M | Canceled or Renamed E-6LF |
| E-8 |
Copyright #2 |
Lunar lander (top) + lunar rover "Lunokhod" (bottom) | 8K82K | Luna-17 Luna-21 + 1 failure |
| E-8LS |
![]() |
Heavy lunar orbiter | 8K82K | Luna-19 Luna-22 |
| E-8-5 |
![]() |
Lunar sample retriever | 8K82K | Luna-16 Luna-20 + 6 failures including Luna-15 and -18 |
| E-8-5M |
![]() |
Modified E-8-5 with rail mounted drill instead of a robot arm mounted one | 8K82K | Luna-24 + 2 failures including Luna-23 |
| E-8/M-69 |
Copyright #1 |
Modified E-8 for Mars exploration | 8K82K | Not flown |
| E-8/Zvezda | N/A | A derivative of the E-8-5 able to drill up to a depth of 10
m. To be used in support of the Zvezda manned lunar base |
8K82K? | Not flown |
| E-8 Beacon |
Copyright #4 |
An E-8 designed to act as a beacon for manned lunar
landings To be used in support of the Zvezda manned lunar base |
8K82K? | Not flown |
1 NASA image
2 (C) Wolfgang Hausmann. From Euroavia
Picturebank Site
3 (C) P. Brugier. From Musee
de l'air et de l'espace Site
4 (C) Mark Wade. From Encyclopedia Astronautica Site
For questions, suggestions and comments you can email me